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Scientific Research

Scientific Research

At YorkTest we developed our original food intolerance testing method in 1998, in collaboration with scientists from the University of York. To this day, our Food Intolerance Tests still use this same method – food-specific IgG testing. The body of research supporting the use of IgG testing to guide elimination diets continues to grow.

Here is a list of peer-reviewed scientific research with links to references. To learn more about IgG you can also read our ‘What is IgG?’ page.

Our references

Research supporting the use of IgG-guided elimination diet

 

General

Hardman, G., & Hart, G. (2007). Dietary advice based on food‐specific IgG results. Nutrition & Food Science, 37(1), 16-23. Https://Www.Emeraldinsight.Com/Doi/Abs/10.1108/00346650710726913

Hicks, K., & Hart, G. (2008). Role for food‐specific IgG‐based elimination diets. Nutrition & Food Science, 38(5), 404-416. Http://Www.Emeraldinsight.Com/Doi/Abs/10.1108/00346650810906912

Mullin, G. E., Swift, K. M., Lipski, L., Turnbull, L. K., & Rampertab, S. D. (2010). Testing for food reactions: the good, the bad, and the ugly. Nutrition in clinical practice, 25(2), 192-198. Https://Www.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/Pubmed/20413700

Migraine

Alpay, K., Ertaş, M., Orhan, E. K., Üstay, D. K., Lieners, C., & Baykan, B. (2010). Diet restriction in migraine, based on IgG against foods: a clinical double-blind, randomised, cross-over trial. Cephalalgia, 30(7), 829-837.Https://Www.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/Pubmed?Term=%22Cephalalgia+:+An+International+Journal+Of+Headache%22[Jour]+AND+30[Volume]+AND+7[Issue]+AND+829[Page]+AND+2010[Pdat]+AND+Alpay+K[Author]&Cmd=Detailssearch

Mitchell, N., Hewitt, C. E., Jayakody, S., Islam, M., Adamson, J., Watt, I., & Torgerson, D. J. (2011). Randomised controlled trial of food elimination diet based on IgG antibodies for the prevention of migraine like headaches. Nutrition journal, 10(1), 1-9. Https://Www.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/Pubmed/21835022

Rees, T., Watson, D., Lipscombe, S., Speight, H., Cousins, P., Hardman, G., & Dowson, A. (2005). A prospective audit of food intolerance among migraine patients in primary care clinical practice. Headache Care, 2(1), 11. Https://Www. fooddetective.pl/download/No%206%20%20Migraine%20and%20food%20IgG.pdf

Xie, Y., Zhou, G., Xu, Y., He, B., Wang, Y., Ma, R., … & Xiao, Z. (2019). Effects of diet based on IgG elimination combined with probiotics on migraine plus irritable bowel syndrome. Pain Research and Management, 2019.Https://Www.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/Pubmed/31531150

Zhao, Z., Jin, H., Yin, Y., Hou, Y., Wang, J., Tang, C., & Fu, J. (2021). Association of migraine with its comorbidities and food specific immunoglobulin G antibodies and inflammatory cytokines: cross-sectional clinical research. Journal of Pain Research, 2359-2368. Association of Migraine with Its Comorbidities and Food Specific Immunoglobulin G Antibodies and Inf (tandfonline.com)

Autoimmune Diseases

Alunno, A., Bistoni, O., Carubbi, F., Valentini, V., Cafaro, G., Bartoloni, E., … & Gerli, R. (2018). Prevalence and significance of anti-saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies in primary Sjögren’s syndrome. Clin Exp Rheumatol, 36(112), S73-S79. Https://Www.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/Pubmed/28664835

Coucke, F. (2018). Food intolerance in patients with manifest autoimmunity. Observational study. Autoimmunity reviews, 17(11), 1078-1080. Https://Www.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/Pubmed/30213697

Hvatum, M., Kanerud, L., Hällgren, R., & Brandtzaeg, P. (2006). The gut–joint axis: cross reactive food antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. Gut, 55(9), 1240-1247. The gut–joint axis: cross reactive food antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis | Gut (bmj.com)

IBS

Atkinson, W., Sheldon, T. A., Shaath, N., & Whorwell, P. J. (2004). Food elimination based on IgG antibodies in irritable bowel syndrome: a randomised controlled trial. Gut, 53(10), 1459-1464.. Https://Www.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/Pmc/Articles/PMC1774223/

Aydinlar, E. I., Dikmen, P. Y., Tiftikci, A., Saruc, M., Aksu, M., Gunsoy, H. G., & Tozun, N. (2013). IgG‐based elimination diet in migraine plus irritable bowel syndrome. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain, 53(3), 514-525. IgG‐Based Elimination Diet in Migraine Plus Irritable Bowel Syndrome – Aydinlar – 2013 – Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain – Wiley Online Library

Drisko, J., Bischoff, B., Hall, M., & McCallum, R. (2006). Treating irritable bowel syndrome with a food elimination diet followed by food challenge and probiotics. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 25(6), 514-522. Https://Www.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/Pubmed/17229899

Guo, H., Jiang, T., Wang, J., Chang, Y., Guo, H., & Zhang, W. (2012). The value of eliminating foods according to food-specific immunoglobulin G antibodies in irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea. Journal of International Medical Research, 40(1), 204-210. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22429360

Hart, G. “Food-Specific IgG Guided Elimination Diet; Role in Irritable Bowel Syndrome.” Int J Nutr Sci & Food Tech 3.4 (2017): 57-59. Food-Specific-IgG-Guided-Elimination-Diet-Role-in-Irritable-Bowel-Syndrome.pdf (biocoreopen.org)

Ostrowska, L., Wasiluk, D., Lieners, C. F., Gałęcka, M., Bartnicka, A., & Tveiten, D. (2021). Igg Food Antibody Guided Elimination-Rotation Diet Was More Effective than FODMAP Diet and Control Diet in the Treatment of Women with Mixed IBS—Results from an Open Label Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(19), 4317. Igg Food Antibody Guided Elimination-Rotation Diet Was More Effective than FODMAP Diet and Control Diet in the Treatment of Women with Mixed IBS—Results from an Open Label Study (immufoodlab.com)

Xie, Y., Zhou, G., Xu, Y., He, B., Wang, Y., Ma, R., … & Xiao, Z. (2019). Effects of diet based on IgG elimination combined with probiotics on migraine plus irritable bowel syndrome. Pain Research and Management, 2019. Https://Www.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/Pubmed/31531150

Yang, C. M., & Li, Y. Q. (2007). The therapeutic effects of eliminating allergic foods according to food-specific IgG antibodies in irritable bowel syndrome. Zhonghua nei ke za zhi, 46(8), 641-643. [The therapeutic effects of eliminating allergic foods according to food-specific IgG antibodies in irritable bowel syndrome] – PubMed (nih.gov)

Zar, S., Mincher, L., Benson, M. J., & Kumar, D. (2005). Food-specific IgG4 antibody-guided exclusion diet improves symptoms and rectal compliance in irritable bowel syndrome. Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology, 40(7), 800-807. Https://Www.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/Pubmed/16109655

Peruhova, M., Mihova, A., Altankova, I., & Velikova, T. (2022). Specific Immunoglobulin E and G to Common Food Antigens and Increased Serum Zonulin in IBS Patients: A Single-Center Bulgarian Study. Antibodies, 11(2), 23. Specific Immunoglobulin E and G to Common Food Antigens and Increased Serum Zonulin in IBS Patients: A Single-Center Bulgarian Study – PMC (nih.gov)

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

Bentz, S., Hausmann, M., Piberger, H., Kellermeier, S., Paul, S., Held, L., … & Rogler, G. (2010). Clinical relevance of IgG antibodies against food antigens in Crohn’s disease: a double-blind cross-over diet intervention study. Digestion, 81(4), 252-264. Clinical Relevance of IgG Antibodies against Food Antigens in Crohn’s Disease: A Double-Blind Cross-Over Diet Intervention Study – Abstract – Digestion 2010, Vol. 81, No. 4 – Karger Publishers

Cai, C., Shen, J., Zhao, D., Qiao, Y., Xu, A., Jin, S., … & Zheng, Q. (2014). Serological investigation of food specific immunoglobulin G antibodies in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. PLoS One, 9(11), e112154. Http://Journals.Plos.Org/Plosone/Article?Id=10.1371/Journal.Pone.0112154

Gunasekeera, V., Mendall, M. A., Chan, D., & Kumar, D. (2016). Treatment of Crohn’s disease with an IgG4-guided exclusion diet: a randomized controlled trial. Digestive diseases and sciences, 61, 1148-1157. Https://Link.Springer.Com/Article/10.1007%2Fs10620-015-3987-Z#

Jian, L., Anqi, H., Gang, L., Litian, W., Yanyan, X., Mengdi, W., & Tong, L. (2018). Food exclusion based on IgG antibodies alleviates symptoms in ulcerative colitis: a prospective study. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 24(9), 1918-1925. Food Exclusion Based on IgG Antibodies Alleviates Symptoms in Ulcerative Colitis: A Prospective Study | Inflammatory Bowel Diseases | Oxford Academic (oup.com)

Wang, H. Y., Li, Y., Li, J. J., Jiao, C. H., Zhao, X. J., Li, X. T., … & Zhang, H. J. (2019). Serological investigation of IgG and IgE antibodies against food antigens in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. World Journal of Clinical Cases, 7(16), 2189. Https://Www.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/Pubmed/31531314

Xiao, N., Liu, F., Zhou, G., Sun, M., Ai, F., & Liu, Z. (2018). Food-specific IgGs are highly increased in the sera of patients with inflammatory bowel disease and are clinically relevant to the pathogenesis. Internal Medicine, 57(19), 2787-2798. Https://Www.Jstage.Jst.Go.Jp/Article/Internalmedicine/Advpub/0/Advpub_9377-17/_pdf/-Char/En

Joint Pain

Hvatum, M., Kanerud, L., Hällgren, R., & Brandtzaeg, P. (2006). The gut–joint axis: cross reactive food antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. Gut, 55(9), 1240-1247. Https://Www.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/Pmc/Articles/PMC1860040/

Mental Health

Hart, G. R. (2017). Food-specific IgG guided elimination diet; a role in mental health. BAOJ Nutr, 3, 045. mental-health-white-paper-2017.pdf (yorktest.com)

Karakuła-Juchnowicz, H., Szachta, P., Opolska, A., Morylowska-Topolska, J., Gałęcka, M., Juchnowicz, D., … & Lasik, Z. (2017). The role of IgG hypersensitivity in the pathogenesis and therapy of depressive disorders. Nutritional neuroscience, 20(2), 110-118. Https://Www.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/Pubmed/25268936

Karakula-Juchnowicz, H., Gałęcka, M., Rog, J., Bartnicka, A., Łukaszewicz, Z., Krukow, P., … & Juchnowicz, D. (2018). The food-specific serum IgG reactivity in major depressive disorder patients, irritable bowel syndrome patients and healthy controls. Nutrients, 10(5), 548.  Https://Www.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/Pmc/Articles/PMC5986428/

Severance, E. G., Gressitt, K. L., Alaedini, A., Rohleder, C., Enning, F., Bumb, J. M., … & Leweke, F. M. (2015). IgG dynamics of dietary antigens point to cerebrospinal fluid barrier or flow dysfunction in first-episode schizophrenia. Brain, behavior, and immunity, 44, 148-158.  Https://Www.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/Pubmed/25241021

Tao, R., Fu, Z., & Xiao, L. (2019). Chronic food antigen-specific IgG-mediated hypersensitivity reaction as a risk factor for adolescent depressive disorder. Genomics, proteomics & bioinformatics, 17(2), 183-189. Https://Www.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/Pubmed/31233833

Sports Performance

Hart, G. R. (2018). Gut microbiota, IgG-guided elimination diet and sports performance. BAOJ Nutrition, 4(2), 052. Sports-Performance.pdf (yorktest.com) 

Respiratory

Virdee, K., Musset, J., Baral, M., Cronin, C., & Langland, J. (2015). Food-specific IgG Antibody—guided Elimination Diets Followed by Resolution of Asthma Symptoms and Reduction in Pharmacological Interventions in Two Patients: A Case Report. Global Advances in Health and Medicine, 4(1), 62-66. Https://Www.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/Pmc/Articles/PMC4311561/

Weight Change

Hart, G. R. (2017). Food-specific IgG guided Elimination Diet; a Strategy for Weight Loss?. BAOJ Obesity & Weight Loss Management, 3(1), 12. weight-loss-whitepaper-2017.pdf (yorktest.com)

Lewis, J. E., Woolger, J. M., Melillo, A., Alonso, Y., & Rafatjah, S. (2012). Eliminating immunologically-reactive foods from the diet and its effect on body composition and quality of life in overweight persons. J Obes Weig los Ther, 2(1), 1-6. 2165-7904-2-112_948.pdf (nordiclabs.com)

Wilders-Truschnig, M., Mangge, H., Lieners, C., Gruber, H. J., Mayer, C., & März, W. (2008). IgG antibodies against food antigens are correlated with inflammation and intima media thickness in obese juveniles. Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes, 116(04), 241-245. Https://Www.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/Pubmed/18072008

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