{"id":1123,"date":"2019-10-11T14:53:24","date_gmt":"2019-10-11T14:53:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yorktest.com\/us\/the-14-major-food-allergens\/"},"modified":"2025-10-11T10:51:55","modified_gmt":"2025-10-11T10:51:55","slug":"the-14-major-food-allergens","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yorktest.com\/us\/blog\/the-14-major-food-allergens\/","title":{"rendered":"The 14 Major Food Allergens"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yorktest.com\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/08\/Depositphotos_253218104_xl-2015-1-1024x464.jpg\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.yorktest.com\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/08\/Depositphotos_253218104_xl-2015-1-1024x464.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.yorktest.com\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/08\/Depositphotos_253218104_xl-2015-1-300x136.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.yorktest.com\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/08\/Depositphotos_253218104_xl-2015-1-768x348.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.yorktest.com\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/08\/Depositphotos_253218104_xl-2015-1-600x272.jpg 600w\" alt=\"food allergies and food intolerances across the world\" width=\"1024\" height=\"464\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/117th-congress\/senate-bill\/578\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Food Allergy Safety, Treatment, Education, and Research (FASTER) Act<\/a> classified 9 major food allergens that fall under the remit of the U.S. Food &amp; Drug Administration (FDA). However, the EU currently recognises up to <em>14<\/em> major allergens. It is a legal requirement that food businesses must provide allergen information in any food they sell or provide, making it easier for people with food allergies (and even those with food intolerances) to identify the ingredients and trigger foods that they need to avoid.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>What are the 14 listed allergens?<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The EU lists 14 major allergens that should be legally mentioned when they are used as ingredients &#8211; both packaged and loose. These are as follows (we have emboldened the headings for the allergens that also number within the US&#8217;s 9 allergen list):<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Celery: <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This includes celery stalks, leaves, seeds and the \u201cceleriac\u201d root. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You can find celery in salt, meat products and, surprisingly, stock cubes and soups. Symptoms of a celery allergy are usually mild and concentrated around itchiness in the throat and mouth. According to anaphylaxis.org, an allergy to celery is one of the most common pollen-related food allergies among adults in Europe<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Cereals containing gluten:<\/strong> This includes wheat, rye, barley and oats. This allergen is found in an abundance of food<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that contains flour<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, including baking powders, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">batter, breadcrumbs, bread,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> cakes,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> couscous, fried foods,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> meat products, pasta, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pastry, soups <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and sauces.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Crustaceans:<\/strong> This food group involves crab, prawns, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">shrimps, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">scampi and lobster and is one of the most common food allergy groups. Reactions tend to be severe and are not always triggered by eating shellfish. Due to the cooking process and the proteins in the shellfish, allergic reactions can be triggered when the proteins are air-born too.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Eggs:<\/strong> Found in pastries, mayonnaise, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">mousses, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cakes,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> pasta, sauces, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">quiches, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">some meat products, and egg-glazed foods<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. According to the NHS, many cases of egg allergy are relatively mild. Signs of a food allergy to eggs include aggravated asthma and abdominal pain.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Fish:<\/strong> Found in fish dishes, fish sauces, pizzas, relishes, salad dressings, stock cubes and Worcestershire sauce. Although it\u2019s a less common allergy, symptoms of a fish allergy can range from hives\/skin rashes all the way up to uncommon cases of anaphylaxis..<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lupin: Derived from a flower, but can often be found in flour and some<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> bread, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pasties or pasta. There is also an allergen crossover between peanut and lupin. If you&#8217;re allergic to lupin, there is a high chance you&#8217;re allergic to peanuts too. This is because both foods belong to the same botanical group (also known as legumes).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Milk:<\/strong> a common ingredient that\u2019s found in cream, butter, cheese, yoghurt and milk powders,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as well as milk-glazed\/brushed food and powdered soups\/sauces. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Milk is another common allergy. It is thought that between 2 and 3% of children who are younger than 3 are allergic to milk. However, the NHS advise that half of these children are likely to outgrow their milk allergy by the time they are 16.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Molluscs: Mussels, clams, scallops, squids,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> land snails <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and whelks. Molluscs are also found in oyster sauce, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">stews <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and fish cakes or pies. This allergy can be severe and, the same with lupin, the allergenic proteins can be found in different species of mollusc, so it is not unusual to be allergic to more than one type of mollusc.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mustard: You either love it or hate it! This can be found in salad dressings and curries, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and it takes the form of liquid mustard, mustard powder and mustard seeds. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A mustard allergy is relatively rare in the UK and Ireland, but is increasingly problematic in Spain and France.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Nuts:<\/strong> Excluding peanuts.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> This food group grows on trees (hence why it\u2019s sometimes referred to as \u201ctree nuts\u201d, and includes <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cashew nuts, almonds and hazelnuts. Watch out for some ice cream and nut oils,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as well as more obvious foods like bread, biscuits, crackers, desserts, nut-powders, stir-fried food, marzipan and sauces<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Along with egg, crustaceans and milk, nuts are also a highly common allergy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Peanuts:<\/strong> Did you know that peanuts are actually legumes and are grown underground (hence them sometimes being called \u201cgroundnuts\u201d)? These are a common allergen culprit, hiding in some foods like satay sauce and marzipan, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">as well as other foods like biscuits, cakes, curries, desserts, oils and peanut flour.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Botanically, peanuts are related to peas, beans and lentils. A peanut allergy always needs to be taken seriously. Signs of an allergic reaction to peanuts include swelling in the throat and mouth, and difficulty breathing.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><strong>Sesame seeds:<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> You can f<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ind these sprinkled over a hamburger or in Thai cooking,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> houmous, breadsticks, tahini, and toasted salads<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. An allergy to sesame usually begins early in life but should always be taken seriously,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as they pose a danger that can lead to <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">anaphylaxis.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Soya:<\/strong> Often a staple ingredient in oriental cooking. Soya is found in<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> bean curd, edamame beans, miso paste, desserts, meat\/vegetarian products, sauces<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, textured soya protein, tofu and a high level of processed food.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Sulphur Dioxide:<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> A particular problem for many asthma sufferers, sulphur dioxide <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">is commonly found in alcoholic beverages and dried fruits such as raisins,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> apricots <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">or prunes.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It\u2019s also in some meat products, soft drinks, vegetables, wines and beers.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Allergens across the globe<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The amount of food allergens declared on pre-packaged food is not universally standardised. As we&#8217;ve said, the UK and Europe classify 14 major food allergens. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On the other hand, America only<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> classifies 9. The Food Allergens Labelling and Consumer Protection Acts (FALCPA), introduced in 2006, applies to:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Milk<\/li>\n<li>Egg<\/li>\n<li>Peanut<\/li>\n<li>Tree nuts<\/li>\n<li>Soy<\/li>\n<li>Wheat<\/li>\n<li>Fish<\/li>\n<li>Crustaceans<\/li>\n<li>Sesame<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This means that molluscs (shellfish such as oysters, clams, and mussels), sesame, mustard and celery, are not required to be labelled under FALCPA.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">More confusingly, Australia and New Zealand identify 10 food allergens, Japan identify 7 core allergens and Canada identify 11, which must be identified in English and French.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Are you travelling abroad with a food allergy or food intolerance?<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prepare yourself by checking the food labelling laws <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in the country you\u2019re visiting<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> before you fly to see if they classify your trigger food as a major allergen. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are many guides for travelling with food allergies that summarise the laws in major tourist destinations<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For instance, sesame may be considered a major allergen in your destination country but not your home country. Be extra vigilant about reading labels and watch out for hidden ingredients!<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Remember to always check where the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorktest.com\/blog\/the-best-worst-countries-to-travel-to-with-a-food-intolerance\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">best and worst places are to travel if you suffer from a food intolerance<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Are you struggling to identify your food allergy or food intolerance?<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you experience any serious or life-threatening reactions, it\u2019s always important to seek advice from your GP or medical practitioner.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Food intolerances, although not life-threatening like severe allergies, can be difficult to pinpoint as they can take up to several days to show symptoms.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Our <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorktest.com\/products\/food-allergy-test\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Food And Environmental Allergy Test<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> analyses your IgE reactions to a range of food and environmental allergens.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Suspect you have a food intolerance instead? Our <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorktest.com\/products\/food-drink-scan-test\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Premium Food Intolerance Test<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> analyses your IgG reactions to 200 food and drink ingredients.<\/span><\/p>\n<h6>yorktest define Food Intolerance as a food-specific IgG reaction. Our information is intended to provide nutritional advice for dietary optimization. yorktest do not claim to treat or cure symptoms and recommend that you discuss any medical concerns you have with a doctor before undertaking a yorktest programme.<\/h6>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Food Allergy Safety, Treatment, Education, and Research (FASTER) Act classified 9 major food allergens that fall under the remit of the U.S. Food &amp; Drug Administration (FDA). However, the EU currently recognises up to 14 major allergens. It is a legal requirement that food businesses must provide allergen information in any food they sell [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1124,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[165,166,167,169],"topic_type":[182],"symptoms":[],"class_list":["post-1123","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-food-intolerances","category-diet","category-health","category-free-from-1","topic_type-blog"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yorktest.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1123","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yorktest.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yorktest.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yorktest.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yorktest.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1123"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.yorktest.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1123\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":86406,"href":"https:\/\/www.yorktest.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1123\/revisions\/86406"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yorktest.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1124"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yorktest.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1123"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yorktest.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1123"},{"taxonomy":"topic_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yorktest.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic_type?post=1123"},{"taxonomy":"symptoms","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yorktest.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/symptoms?post=1123"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}